U ka 'na ua ipotsa, "Ke eng e etsang hore aluminium ka likoloi e tloaelehe hakaale?" kapa "Ke eng ka aluminium e etsang hore e be thepa e ntle hakana bakeng sa 'mele ea likoloi?" ntle le ho hlokomela hore aluminium esale e sebelisoa ho etsa likoloi ho tloha qalong ea likoloi. Hoo e ka bang ka 1889 aluminium e ile ea hlahisoa ka bongata 'me ea lahleloa, ea phuthoa le ho thehoa ka likoloi.
Baetsi ba likoloi ba nkile monyetla oa ho sebetsa ka thepa e bonolo ho feta tšepe. Ka nako eo, ho ne ho e-na le mefuta e hloekileng feela ea aluminium e neng e le bonolo haholoanyane, e nang le sebopeho se setle le ho hanyetsa ho bola ha nako e telele. Lintlha tsena li ile tsa etsa hore baetsi ba likoloi ba etse lehlabathe la lehlabathe le ho etsa liphanele tsa 'mele tse pharaletseng tse ileng tsa chesetsoa le ho belisoa ka letsoho.
Bohareng ba lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, ba bang ba baetsi ba likoloi ba hlomphuoang ka ho fetisisa ba ne ba sebelisa aluminium likoloing. Sena se kenyelletsa Bugatti, Ferrari, BMW, Mercedes, le Porsche.
Hobaneng o Khetha Aluminium ka Likoloi?
Likoloi ke mechini e rarahaneng e nang le likarolo tse ka bang 30,000. Litopo tsa koloi, kapa marapo a koloi, ke tsona tse turang haholo ebile li bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa tlhahiso ea likoloi.
Li kenyelletsa likarolo tse ka ntle tse fanang ka sebōpeho sa koloi, le likarolo tse ka hare tse sebetsang e le matlafatso. Liphanele li kopantsoe hammoho ho etsa litšiea le litšepe. 'Mele ea likoloi e kenyelletsa mamati a ka pele le a ka morao, maballo a enjene, li-arch tsa mabili, li-bumpers, li-hoods, likarolo tsa baeti, ka pele, marulelong le fatše.
Ho utloahala ha sebopeho ke ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa e hlokahalang bakeng sa 'mele ea likoloi. Leha ho le joalo, 'mele ea likoloi le eona e tlameha ho ba bobebe, e khone ho hlahisoa, e se mafome le mafome, 'me e be le litšoaneleho tse khahlang tseo bareki ba li batlang, joalo ka litšoaneleho tse ntle tsa ho qeta bokaholimo.
Aluminium e khotsofatsa mefuta e mengata ea litlhoko tsena ka mabaka a 'maloa:
Ho feto-fetoha ha maemo
Ka tlhaho, aluminium ke thepa e fapaneng haholo. Sebopeho sa aluminium le ho hanyetsa ha kutu ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho sebetsa le ho bopeha.
E fumaneha hape ka mefuta e fapaneng, joalo ka lakane ea aluminium, khoele ea aluminium, poleiti ea aluminium, tšupu ea aluminium, peipi ea aluminium, kanale ea aluminium, beam ea aluminium, bar ea aluminium le angle ea aluminium.
Ho feto-fetoha ha maemo ho lumella aluminium hore e be sesebelisoa sa khetho bakeng sa mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa tsa likoloi tse ka 'nang tsa hloka litšobotsi tse fapaneng, e ka ba boholo le sebōpeho, matla a ho hlahisa, ho qeta sebopeho, kapa ho hanyetsa ho bola.
Bonolo ba ho sebetsa
Boleng ba ts'ebetso le ho feto-fetoha ha maemo ho ka matlafatsoa ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho etsa masela, joalo ka ho thatafatsa ho baka, ho thatafatsa mosebetsi le pula, ho taka, ho kenya, ho lahla, ho bopa le ho hlahisa. Litheknoloji tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa welding li ntse li tsoela pele ho etsa hore ho kopanya aluminium ho be bonolo ho sebetsa ka liphetho tse sireletsehileng.
E bobebe ebile e tšoarella
Aluminium e na le tekanyo e phahameng ea matla ho boima ba 'mele, ho bolelang hore e bobebe ebile e tšoarella. Mekhoa ea likoloi ka aluminium e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho fokotsa boima ba likoloi, sepheo se ka sehloohong indastering e le ho finyella lipakane tse thata tsa ho ntša likhahla.
Lipatlisiso tse entsoeng ke Drive Aluminium li tiisa hore aluminium ka likoloi e fokotsa boima ba koloi le ho eketsa moruo oa mafura le mefuta e mengata ea likoloi tsa motlakase (EV). Kaha tlhokahalo ea bareki le likhothatso tsa tikoloho li lebisa tlhahiso e eketsehileng ea EV, re ka lebella hore aluminium ka 'mele ea likoloi e tla tsoela pele ho phahama e le mokhoa oa ho fokotsa boima ba libeteri le ho fokotsa mocheso.
Bokhoni ba Alloying
Aluminium eo e ka kopanngoa le mefuta e mengata ea lintho ho holisa litšoaneleho tse kang matla, conductivity ea motlakase, le ho hanyetsa kutu e eketsa ts'ebeliso ea eona tlhahisong ea likoloi.
Aluminium e arotsoe ka lihlopha tsa alloy tse khethiloeng ke likarolo tsa tsona tsa mantlha tsa motsoako. 1xxx, 2xxx, 3xxx, 4xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx, le 7xxx aluminium alloy series kaofela li kenyelletsa li-alloys tse sebelisoang 'meleng oa likoloi.
Lenane la Mephato ea Aluminium ka Meleng ea Likoloi
1100
Letoto la 1xxx la aluminium ke aluminium e hloekileng ka ho fetisisa e fumanehang. Ho 99% e hloekileng, letlapa la aluminium le 1100 le bonolo haholo. E boetse e bonts'a khanyetso e ntle ea kutu. Ena e ne e le e 'ngoe ea li-alloys tsa pele tse sebelisoang likoloing' me li ntse li tsoela pele ho sebelisoa kajeno, haholo-holo ka li-insulator tsa mocheso.
2024
Letoto la 2xxx la aluminium le kopantsoe ka koporo. 2024 e atisa ho sebelisoa ha ho etsoa li-pistons, likarolo tsa khefu, li-rotor, li-cylinders, mabili le likere kaha li bontša matla a phahameng le ho hanyetsa mokhathala o babatsehang.
3003, 3004, 3105
Letoto la 3xxx la manganese la aluminium le na le sebopeho se setle. U na le monyetla oa ho bona 3003, 3004 le 3105.
3003 e bonts'a matla a holimo, sebopeho se setle, bokhoni ba ho sebetsa, le bokhoni ba ho taka. Hangata e sebelisoa bakeng sa liphaephe tsa likoloi, liphanele, hammoho le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase bakeng sa mefuta e nyalisitsoeng le EV.
3004 e arolelana litšobotsi tse ngata tsa 3003, 'me e ka boela ea rereloa liphanele tsa li-grille le li-radiator.
3105 e na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho hanyetsa kutu, sebopeho, le litšobotsi tsa welding. E hlaha ka har'a leqephe la 'mele oa koloi, bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ho li-fenders, mamati le liphanele tsa fatše.
4032
Letoto la 4xxx la aluminium le kopantsoe le silicon. 4032 e tla sebelisoa bakeng sa lipiston, meqolo ea compressor, le likarolo tsa enjene kaha e bonts'a bokhoni bo botle ba ho cheseha le ho hanyetsa abrasion.
5005, 5052, 5083, 5182, 5251
5xxx series ke e 'ngoe ea tse tsebahalang haholo bakeng sa' mele oa likoloi tsa aluminium. Karolo ea eona ea mantlha ea alloying ke magnesium, e tsejoang ka ho eketsa matla.
5005 e hlaha ka liphanele tsa 'mele, litanka tsa mafura, lipoleiti tse tsamaisang, le liphaephe.
5052 e nkoa e le e 'ngoe ea li-alloys tse sebetsang ka ho fetisisa' me e hlaha ka bongata ba likarolo tsa koloi ka lebaka leo. U tla e bona ka har'a litanka tsa mafura, litereilara tsa literaka, lipoleiti tse emisitsoeng, li-paneling tsa ponts'o, li-bracketry, li-disk le li-drum breaks, le likarolo tse ling tse ngata tsa koloi tse seng bohlokoa.
5083 e ntle haholo bakeng sa likarolo tse rarahaneng tsa likoloi joalo ka metheo ea enjene le liphanele tsa 'mele.
5182 e hlaha e le setsi sa mantlha sa 'mele oa likoloi. Ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ho tloha ho li-bracketry tsa meralo, ho ea ho mamati, li-hood, le lipoleiti tse ka pele tsa mapheo.
5251 e ka bonoa papaling ea likoloi.
6016, 6022, 6061, 6082, 6181
Letoto la 6xxx aluminium le kopantsoe le magnesium le silicon, li ithorisa ka tse ling tsa bokhoni bo botle ba ho hlahisa le ho lahlela, 'me li bonts'a sebopeho se loketseng sa ho qetela.
6016 le 6022 li etselitsoe ho koahela 'mele oa koloi, mamati, likutu, marulelo, li-fenders le lipoleiti tse ka ntle moo ho hanyetsa meno e leng senotlolo.
6061 e bonts'a litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa ho qeta bokaholimo, ho hanyetsa kutu, le matla a phahameng. E hlaha ka har'a litho tsa sefapano, mariki, litšepe tse tsamaisang mabili, 'mele oa literaka le libese, mekotla ea moea le litanka tse amohelang thepa.
6082 e na le tse ling tsa tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa ho hanyetsa. Ka hona, e sebelisoa bakeng sa moralo oa ho jara thepa.
6181 e ema joalo ka bokantle ba 'mele.
7003, 7046
7xxx ke sehlopha sa alloy se matla ka ho fetesisa se matla ka ho fetesisa, se kopantsoeng le zinki le magnesium.
7003 ke motsoako oa extrusion o sebelisoang haholo-holo bakeng sa libopeho tse cheselitsoeng ha ho etsoa maballo a tšusumetso, li-slider tsa litulo, li-bumper reinforcement, liforeimi tsa lithuthuthu le marimo.
7046 e na le matla a sekoti a extrusion le sebopeho se setle sa welding. E hlaha lits'ebetsong tse ts'oanang le 7003.
Bokamoso ba Aluminium ka Likoloi
Re na le mabaka ohle a ho lumela hore seo baetsi ba likoloi ba ileng ba se fumana ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1800 se ntse se le joalo le kajeno: aluminium ke khetho e ikhethang bakeng sa likoloi! Ho tloha ha e qala ho hlahisoa, li-alloys le mekhoa e ntlafalitsoeng ea masela li ekelitse tšebeliso ea aluminium likoloing feela. Ha mmoho le ho ameha ha lefats'e ka ts'ebetso le phello ea tikoloho, aluminium e lebelletsoe ho fihlella mefuta e mengata e matla le tšusumetso e tebileng indastering ea likoloi.
Mongoli: Sara Montijo
Mohloli: https://www.kloecknermetals.com/blog/aluminium-in-cars/
(Bakeng sa tlolo ea molao, ka kopo ikopanye le rona re hlakotsoe.)
E hlophisitsoeng ke May Jiang ho tsoa ho MAT Aluminium
Nako ea poso: May-22-2023
