Aluminium ke ntho ea tšepe e ngata ka ho fetisisa karolong e ka holimo ea lefatše. Ke tšepe e se nang ferrous e nang le tlhahiso le ts'ebeliso ea bobeli e kholo lefatšeng ka mor'a tšepe. E na le sekhahla se tlase, se ka bang 1/3 ea tšepe. Kaha aluminium e hloekileng e bonolo ebile e na le matla a fokolang, ka hona, ka ho eketsa palo e nyenyane ea lintho tse kang magnesium, koporo, zinki, silicon, le lithium ho aluminium, ts'ebetso ea aluminium alloy e molemo. Li-alloys tsa aluminium ke lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ka ho fetesisa tsa tšepe tse senang ferrous indastering ka lebaka la thepa ea tsona e ntle ea mochini le ho hanyetsa ho bola. Li 'nile tsa sebelisoa haholo ho tsa kaho, sefofane, likoloi, tlhahiso ea mechine, kaho ea likepe le indastering ea lik'hemik'hale.
Lisebelisoa tsa aluminium li na le thepa e ntle haholo ho mechini le k'hemistri:
① Likarolo tsa mochini, tse bonts'itsoeng haholo ka letsoalo le tlase, matla a phahameng, modulus e phahameng, joalo-joalo. Aluminium e na le letsoalo le tlase ebile e bobebe ho feta litšepe tse ling, ke 1/4 feela ea tšepe, ka hona e loketse ho sebelisoa masimong a nang le litlhoko tse phahameng bakeng sa boima bo bobebe;
② Mabapi le thepa ea lik'hemik'hale, kaha motsoako oa aluminium o ka etsa filimi e teteaneng ea oxide holim'a eona moeeng, e ka itšireletsa ho tsoa ho oxidation e tebileng. Ka hona, e na le khanyetso e ntle ea kutu le sebopeho se tsitsitseng sa lik'hemik'hale.
③ Aluminium alloy e na le polasetiki e ntle mme e ka sebetsoa ka liprofinse tse fapaneng. E na le conductivity e ntle ea motlakase le ea mocheso. Ka hona, e sebelisoa haholo indastering, 'me tšebeliso ea eona ke ea bobeli ho feta tšepe.
Hona joale, ho na le lisebelisoa tse fetang 250 tsa aluminium tse nang le lihlopha tse fapaneng indastering. Bakeng sa ho nolofatsa phapano, ho latela liqapi tse fapaneng tsa alloy, China e amohela mokhoa o amoheloang machabeng oa ho arola likhato tse 'ne ho thusa ho tšoaea sebaka sa tlhahiso, mohopolo le taolo ea lipalo. Lisebelisoa tsa aluminium tse sebelisoang indastering ea sesole haholo-holo li kenyelletsa li-alloys tsa aluminium-lithium, 2XXX (A1-Cu-Mg) letoto le li-alloys tsa 7XXX tsa aluminium.
Tlhokahalo ea 'maraka le mokhoa oa nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa alloy aluminium
2XXX letoto la motsoako oa aluminium
2XXX (A1-Cu-Mg) letoto la li-alloys tsa aluminium li na le matla a phahameng a ho tsitsa, ho tiea le ho khathala matla, ho hanyetsa mocheso o motle, ho sebetsa le thepa ea ho cheselletsa, 'me li sebelisoa haholo indastering ea lifofane, likoloi le libetsa. Limaraka tse ka sehloohong ke 2A01, 2A02, 2A06, 2A11, 2A12, joalo-joalo Letoto la li-alloys li entsoe ho ntlafatsa matla, ho lumellana ha boima, le mamello ea tšenyo, joalo ka 2024, 2124, 2524, 2324 alloys, joalo-joalo.
Mefuta ea lisebelisoa tsa China e ntse e tsoela pele ka tsela ea boima bo bobebe, bophelo bo bolelele, ts'epo e phahameng le litšenyehelo tse tlase, 'me e na le litlhoko tse phahameng bakeng sa ho tiea ha fracture, khanyetso ea propagation ea crack le khanyetso ea kutu ea letlalo la fuselage. E ipapisitse le poleiti e teteaneng ea aluminium ea 2024-T351, linaha tsa kantle li ntlafalitse 2324, 2624 le lisebelisoa tse ling tse phahameng tse mamellang ts'enyo ea aluminium bakeng sa bokaholimo ba lepheo le matla a fapaneng, boima, mokhathala le ho hanyetsa kutu, 'me li fihletse ho kenya le ho sebelisoa. China e ntse e tsoela pele ho mamella tšenyo e phahameng ea 2XXX letoto la li-alloys tsa aluminium. Nakong e tlang, li-microalloying tse kopantsoeng e tla ba tataiso ea bohlokoa ea nts'etsopele bakeng sa li-alloys tsa aluminium tse matla haholo tsa Al-Cu-Mg.
4XXX letoto la motsoako oa aluminium
Hajoale, li-al-Si eutectic le hypoeutectic alloys li sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa lipiston tsa koloi Chaena. Leha ho le joalo, ka ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea enjene, ho thata ho fihlela litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso. Hypereutectic Al-Si alloy e na le letsoalo le tlase, coefficient e nyane ea katoloso ea mela, khanyetso e phahameng ea ho roala le botsitso ba molumo, 'me ke sesebelisoa sa piston se loketseng ho feta ha se bapisoa le li-alloys tsa eutectic Al-Si. Hypereutectic Al-Si alloy pistons e 'nile ea hlahisoa ka bongata linaheng tse ling' me ea sebelisoa ho literaka le likoloi, tse kang A390 alloy United States, AC9A le AC8A (ZL109) alloys Japane, le A390 alloy Australia. Leha ho le joalo, hona joale ho na le bahlahisi ba fokolang ba Chaena ba hlahisang li-piston tsa hypereutectic Al-Si alloy, 'me boholo ba bona ba itšetlehile ka thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling. Ho phaella moo, ho na le lekhalo le leholo pakeng tsa lisebelisoa tsa alloy tsa likoloi tsa turbocharger le linaha tse ling. Lisebelisoa tsa alloy tsa aluminium tsa turbocharger tse sebetsang hantle haholo li itšetlehile ka Japane le linaha tse ling. Ka hona, hoa hlokahala ho nts'etsapele lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa aluminium tsa likoloi bakeng sa lipiston tse sebetsang hantle haholo le li-impeller tsa turbocharger.
5XXX Series Aluminium Alloys
Li-alloys tsa Al-Mg, haholo-holo li-alloys tsa Al-Mg tse nang le litaba tse phahameng tsa Mg, li na le matla a phahameng a khethehileng, li chesehela hantle le ho hanyetsa ho bola, 'me e tla fetoha lisebelisoa tse nang le tlhōlisano nakong e tlang ea sefofane, literene tse lebelo le holimo, maoatle le masimo a mang. Hajoale, lipoleiti tsa Al-Mg alloy, profiles le lithapo tsa welding bakeng sa sepakapaka, literene, maoatle le lits'ebetso tse ling li itšetlehile haholo ka thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha. Mmaraka oa li-welding wire wire ha e le hantle o laoloa ke ALCOA United States. Li-alloys tsa ER5183 le ER5356 haholo-holo li itšetlehile ka thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling, 'me bophahamo ba thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling bo nka karolo ea 70 lekholong ea thekiso ea bona. Al-Mg alloys bakeng sa likepe haholo-holo itšetlehile ka Russia. Li-ingots tse tloaelehileng tsa li-alloys tse nang le litaba tse phahameng tsa Mg li na le li-dendrite tse tsoetseng pele hantle, karohano e matla ea eutectic phase, le ts'ebetso e mpe ea sebopeho. Mekhoa ea hajoale ea ts'ebetso e ntse e na le mathata a mangata, joalo ka ts'ebetso e tlase, boleng bo tlase bo bonahalang, ts'ebetso e telele, boleng bo sa tsitsang, le chai e tlase. Ho tiisa ka potlako le ho theha ho ka thibela pula ea Mg, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang e ka laoloa ho fumana likristale tse ntle tsa equiaxed le mekhahlelo ea nano-precipitated, ho ntlafatsa haholo ts'ebetso le ho tšoana ha thepa. Ka hona, nts'etsopele ea "sub-proid solidification" e tsoelang pele ea rheological extrusion le thekenoloji ea rolling bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa Al-Mg e lebelletsoe ho fihlela tlhoko ea li-al-Mg tsa boleng bo holimo.
6XXX Series Lisebelisoa tsa Aluminium
6XXX letoto la lisebelisoa tsa aluminium alloy ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa mafapheng a lipalangoang tsa terene, likoloi, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, joalo-joalo Ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1980, linaha tse tsoetseng pele le libaka tse joalo ka Europe, United States, le Japane li thehile lisebelisoa tsa aluminium bakeng sa likoloi, limaraka tse ngolisitsoeng joalo ka 6009, 6016, 6010, 6010, 612, 612 le 6012 le 6012 tlhahiso e batlang e phethehile le tsamaiso ea kopo bakeng sa liphanele tsa 'mele oa likoloi, li-extrusions, forgings, joalo-joalo Patlisiso ea indasteri le nts'etsopele ea 6XXX letoto la liphanele tsa 'mele tsa aluminium le forgings Chaena e sa tsoa qala,' me ho na le lekhalo le hlakileng. Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso la Chaena le entse tlhahiso ea hore lipampiri tsa aluminium tsa likoloi li tla ntlafatsoa ke: 6016-S, 6016-IH, 6016-IBR, 6A16-S, 6A16-IBR, 6022, joalo-joalo. ka tlase ho 0.60, 60 d paka chai chai matla a Rp0.2 a seng ka tlase ho 140 N/mm2 le pente thatafatsa chai ka matla increment ea seng ka tlase ho 80 N/mm2 . Ho arabela litlhoko tse fapaneng, nts'etsopele ea moralo, ho lokisetsa le ho sebetsana le theknoloji ea 6XXX series aluminium alloys e fetohile mokhoa o ke keng oa qojoa oa tsoelo-pele.
7XXX Series Lisebelisoa tsa Aluminium
Li-alloys tsa 7XXX tsa aluminium li na le khatello e ntle ea khatello ea maikutlo 'me ke letoto le matla ka ho fetisisa har'a lisebelisoa tsa aluminium. Li amoheloa lefatšeng ka bophara e le lisebelisoa tsa mokokotlo oa sefofane. Morao tjena, linaha tsa linaheng tse ling li hlahisitse 7055 alloy (Al8Zn-2.05Mg-2.3Cu-0.16Zr), eo khatello ea eona ea lihlahisoa e fetang 620 MPa sebakeng sa T77511. E sebelisoa sefofaneng sa Boeing 777 mme e fokotsa boima ba 'mele ka lik'hilograma tse 635. Hajoale, China ha e na moralo o hlophisitsoeng oa alloy le theknoloji ea ho lokisa le ho sebetsa bakeng sa li-alloys tsa 7XXX tsa aluminium bakeng sa sefofane, mme lihlahisoa tse ling li itšetlehile ka ho felletseng ho tsoa kantle ho naha. Ka lebaka la li-ingots tse kholo tsa li-alloys tsa 7XXX tse nang le lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa alloy, mefuta e mengata ea ho tiisa, khatello e kholo ea ho lahla, le ho arola habonolo ha likarolo tsa motsoako, boleng ba metallurgic ba li-ingots bo fokola 'me mocheso oa kamore o fokotseha, ho bohlokoa haholo ho hlahisa letoto le lecha la 7XXXys aluminium.
Aluminium-lithium (Al-Li) motsoako
Aluminium-lithium alloy ke thepa e bobebe e ntseng e hola ka potlako ho lisebelisoa tsa sefofane lilemong tsa morao tjena. E na le litšobotsi tsa boits'oaro bo tlase, modulus e phahameng ea elastic, ho satalla ho khethehileng, ts'ebetso e ntle ea mokhathala le ho hanyetsa kutu. Ka mor'a ho nkela li-alloys tse tloaelehileng tsa aluminium sebaka, boima bo ka fokotsoa ka 10% ~ 20% mme ho satalla ho ka eketsoa ka 15% ~ 20%. Mathoasong a lekholo la bo21 la lilemo, k'hamphani ea Amerika ALCOA e ile ea qala "ALCOA Aviation 20/20 Plan", ka sepheo sa ho fokotsa litšenyehelo le boima ba lisebelisoa tsa aluminium tsa sefofane ka 20% e 'ngoe le e' ngoe nakong ea lilemo tse 20. Constellium e hlahisitse 2050 le 2198 aluminium-lithium alloys (Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Ag) e nang le boima bo tlaase, boima bo phahameng le mamello e phahameng ea tšenyo. Ho na le limaraka tse fokolang haholo tsa Al-Li alloy tse ntlafalitsoeng ka boikemelo China, 'me ke alloy ea 1420 feela e sebelisitsoeng. Aluminium-lithium alloy e sebelisoang sefofaneng sa baeti sa C919 e fanoa ke Alcoa. Ka lapeng, ho ka hlahisoa feela limaraka tsa alloy tse lekanyelitsoeng joalo ka 1420, 2195, 2197, le 2A97, 'me li-ingots ke li-ingots tse bataletseng ka tlase ((310~400)×1280×4000) mm le li-ingots tse chitja tse ka tlase ho φ650 mm. Flat ingots (2B16) le botenya ba ho feta 60 limilimithara le bophara ba ho feta 1500 limilimithara, le ingots (2B16) le bophara ba ho feta 1500 limilimithara tšimong ea dikopo phahameng-qetellong sefofane ha e e-s'o hlahisoa indastering. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa haholo ho nts'etsapele moralo o mocha oa aluminium-lithium alloy, tokiso ea ingot e kholo haholo le theknoloji ea ts'ebetso e tebileng.
Motsoako oa aluminium o thibelang mocheso
Li-alloys tsa aluminium tse sa keneleng mocheso ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa motheo lefapheng la sefofane, likoloi, lipalangoang tsa literene, joalo-joalo ka ho laola likarolo tse kang Si, Fe, Ni, Ag, le lefats'e le sa tloaelehang ho etsa li-alloys tsa aluminium tse hanyetsanang le oxidation le ho phunyeletsa mocheso o phahameng. Li-alloys tse tloaelehileng tsa aluminium tse sa keneleng mocheso li kenyelletsa: 2519, 2618, 2219, 2D70, joalo-joalo Ka tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea indasteri ea lifofane le likoloi, litlhoko tse phahameng li behoa holim'a lisebelisoa tsa aluminium tse sa keneleng mocheso. Moloko o mocha oa lifofane tsa ntoa o na le lebelo le phahameng la ho tsamaea, 'me mocheso o sebetsang oa letlalo la fuselage o ka holimo ho 150 ° C. Hajoale, mocheso oa tšebeliso ea nako e telele oa li-alloys tsa aluminium tse sa keneleng mocheso joalo ka 2618 le 2D70 o ka tlase ho 150 ° C. Hoa hlokahala ho theha li-alloys tse ncha tsa aluminium tse thibelang mocheso.
Al-Sc alloy e nang le litaba tsa ultra-low scandium (Sc).
Al-Sc alloy e na le thepa e babatsehang e kang matla a phahameng, polasetiki e ntle le ho hanyetsa kutu, 'me e fetohile moloko o mocha oa lisebelisoa tse bobebe bakeng sa sefofane, likepe, joalo-joalo ka mor'a Al-Li alloy. Matla a matla a Al-Mg alloy e nang le trace amount of scandium e phahame ka 30% ho feta ea 5083 alloy, 'me matla a tlhahiso a feta habeli. Ho cheseha ha eona ho bapisoa le li-alloys tse tloaelehileng tsa 5XXX, thepa ea mochini ea sebaka se anngoeng ke mocheso le weld e batla e lekana le ea matrix, 'me khanyetso ea eona ea kutu e bapisoa le ea 5083 alloy. Ho fetola li-alloys tsa 5XXX kapa 6XXX ha ho etsoa lisebelisoa tsa sefofane ho ka fihlela litlamorao tse kholo tsa phokotso ea boima ba 'mele, hape ke thepa e holimo bakeng sa likoloi le likoloi tsa terene. Russia e ka pele ho lefats'e ho nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tsa aluminium tse nang le scandium, 'me e thehile Al-Mg-Sc, Al-Mg-Li-Sc, Al-Zn- MgSc , Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc, le Al-Cu-Mg-Sc alloys e nang le scandium content ea 0.18% ~ 0.5%. E le ho khothaletsa tšebeliso ea li-alloys tsa aluminium-scandium sebakeng sa lifofane le likoloi, Lekala la Chaena la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso le thathamisitse lisebelisoa tsa aluminium tse nang le scandium e le e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tse ncha bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea pele. China e na le lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa scandium 'me e hahile mohala oa tlhahiso ea ho hloekisoa ha scandium oxide e phahameng, ho rala motheo oa nts'etsopele ea li-alloys tsa aluminium-scandium.
500 MPa grade hot stamping aluminium alloy bakeng sa likoloi
Ho ntse ho e-na le sekheo sa lisebelisoa tsa alloy tsa aluminium tse chesang tse matla haholo Chaena. Motsoako oa lisebelisoa tse ncha le nts'etsopele ea ts'ebetso e ncha ke mokhoa o sebetsang oa ho rarolla bothata ba ho theha likarolo tsa koloi tsa aluminium tse matla haholo. Ho shebana le li-alloys tsa 7XXX, ho hlahloba ka mafolofolo li-alloys tse 2XXX, le ho nts'etsapele lisebelisoa tsa aluminium tsa 500 MPa bakeng sa ho hatakela setempe se chesang ho na le litebello tsa bohlokoa tsa ho etsa likarolo tsa koloi tse rarahaneng.
Lisebelisoa tse entsoeng ka aluminium tse entsoeng ka motsoako
Aluminium-steel multilayer composite plate: Khokahano e sebetsang lipakeng tsa aluminium le litšepe e se e le e 'ngoe ea litšitiso tsa ho fokotsa boima ba meaho e meholo ea likepe tse kholo. Motsoako oa phetoho o kopantsoeng oa aluminium-tšepe o sebelisoang bakeng sa ho cheselletsa pakeng tsa aluminium le litšepe tsa tšepe o fana ka tharollo ea ho nkela mokhoa oa setso oa ho riveting. Honda e hlahisitse theknoloji e kopanyang ea tšepe le aluminium e tla sebelisoa lefatšeng ka bophara liforeiming tsa likoloi tse hlahisoang ka bongata. Hajoale, likhokahano tse kopaneng tsa aluminium-tšepe tse sebelisoang Chaena li romelloa haholo ho tsoa kantle ho naha, ka theko e phahameng joalo ka 4×10 5 CNY/t. Ka likepe tse kholo tsa kamoso, lithempereichara tse phahameng tsa tjheseletsa, khatello e matla ea ho jara, le likhokahano tse matla tsa ho kopanya lia hlokahala bakeng sa manonyeletso a phetoho, 'me manonyeletso a sebetsang a aluminium-tšepe a hlokahala ka potlako.
Nako ea poso: Mar-08-2025
